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From: [e-mail] (Chris Thomas)
Newsgroups: soc.motss,news.answers
Subject: soc.motss FAQ
Followup-To: soc.motss
Date: 1 Dec 1992 18:46:39 GMT
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Archive-name: motss-faq
Last-modified: 1 Dec 1992

This list is largely a collection of hearsay:  I'm depending on
information from others.  Please don't make decisions based on anything
here without first checking out the facts for yourself.

(A "+" indicates a new question, and a "*" indicates a change from
the last edition of this FAQ.  When you see a question number in this
list, you can probably use your newsreader to search the rest of this
article for that question number.)

soc.motss, Other Newsgroups, and Mailing Lists
101. Who reads soc.motss?
102. When was soc.motss created?
103. Why isn't the group name something more obvious, like soc.gay?
104. What subjects are legitimate in soc.motss?
105. Can you give any more specific guidelines about posting?
106. What will happen to me if I post in soc.motss?
107. Can I post anonymously to soc.motss?
108. My site has only read access to soc.motss.
109. What will happen to me if I read soc.motss?
110. What are those numbers and letters in some signatures?
111. What are those "twinks", "smurfs", etc.?
112. What is motss.con?
121. I saw something in another newsgroup that everyone in soc.motss
     should read.
122. What about crossposting from soc.motss to other groups?
123. How do I add {person's name} to my kill file?
124. How do I make my newsreader do <desired function>?
125. How do I find someone's email address?
131. (*) Are there other motss-related newsgroups I'd be interested in?
132. (*) Are there mailing lists I can subscribe to?
133. Are there LGBO*-oriented bulletin board systems that I could
     subscribe to directly?

Science and Medicine
201. What is the Kinsey scale?
202. What is the origin of the "10% gay" figure?
203. What else did Kinsey find?
211. Is HIV the same as AIDS?
212. (*) What is the "AIDS test"?
213. Since my partner and I are both HIV negative, we don't have to
     bother with safer sex, do we?
214. Where can I get more information?
221. What's all this about brain differences in gay men?
222. Wasn't that an awfully small sample?
223. Weren't there some exceptions?
224. What exactly does this study prove?

Grab bag
301. What's the origin of the pink triangle?
302. Does the pink triangle point up or down?
303. When is National Coming Out Day (NCOD)?
304. When is the Pride March in <U.S. city name>?
305. Who was Harvey Milk?
306. Was he the first openly gay or lesbian elected official in the U.S.?
321. Does "gay" imply "male"?
322. What's the right term to include everyone?
323. Is "gay" a noun or an adjective?
324. When the grammar books tell me to say "he", "him", or "his" in
     referring to a person of unspecified gender, what should I do?
325. Is it "sexual orientation" or "sexual preference"?
331. How do I get motss pictures via FTP?
332. Can I get pictures by email?
333. Where do I find GIF viewers?
341. Where can I buy stuff by mail order?
342. I'm/we're going to Europe and want to know which hotels and
     restaurants are gay-friendly.
343. Who is Orson Scott Card?
344. I saw an 800 number that is maintained by <homophobic group>.
     Should I post it so everyone can call and tie up the line?
345. What is GLAAD?
346. What is NAMBLA?
347. (*) What gay/lesbian organizations exist for persons in the
     high-technology industries?
348. What is "After the Ball"?

Civil Rights and The Law
401. (*) Which governments have laws against discrimination on the basis
     of sexual orientation?
402. What about discrimination by private employers?
403. Where is same-gender sex legal?
404. Didn't the U.S. Supreme Court say sodomy was a crime even in private?
405. (+) What is Amendment 2?

About this newsgroup
====================

101. Who reads soc.motss?
    June 1992 usage figures show about 70,000 readers worldwide.
soc.motss appears regularly on the list of "Top 25 News Groups" in
terms of submitted volume; for two weeks in the middle of May 1992,
there were 2033 articles totaling 2.7 megabytes.  (Hint: learn to
use a kill file.)

102. When was soc.motss created?
    In October 1983, as 'net.motss'.  Excerpt from Steve Dyer's
announcement of 7 Oct 83:  "Net.motss is a forum for the discussion of
gay-related issues of interest to all members of Usenet.  Its name is an
acronym for "members of the same sex", coined by contributors to
net.singles as an analogue to MOTOS--"member of the opposite sex." It is
therefore, unfortunately, a euphemism of sorts--an alternative to the
preferred 'net.gay'.  Nevertheless, the proponents of the group have
gladly passed on this minor issue so that the group should be swiftly
formed."

103. Why isn't the group name something more obvious, like soc.gay?
    At least two answers:  a.  Historically, staying away from the name
"gay" was an attempt not to wave a red flag in front of homophobic
system administrators (see answer to preceding Q).  b.  Currently, there
is considerable disagreement over whether the word "gay" includes
lesbians and bisexuals; "motss" (members of the same sex) references the
issues that bind us all together -- namely, romance and sex with members
of the same gender.

104. What subjects are legitimate in soc.motss?
    Anything motss-related that's on your mind is fair game, with one
major exception:  condemnations or "justifications" of homosexuality do
not belong in soc.motss.  They can go in alt.politics.homosexuality or
talk.politics.misc.
    According to the original announcement, soc.motss "is designed to
foster discussion on a wide variety of topics, such as health problems,
parenting, relationships, clearances, job security and many others.  Gay
members of Usenet will find this a supportive environment for the
discussion of issues which have immediate impact on their everyday
lives.  Those who aren't gay have an opportunity to be informed by the
discussion, and are encouraged to read the news items and contribute
their own questions and opinions.
    "[soc.motss] is emphatically NOT a newsgroup for the discussion of
whether homosexuality is good or bad, natural or unnatural.  Nor is it a
place where conduct unsuitable for the net will be allowed or condoned.
Rather, like every Usenet news group, it is an opportunity for people
all across the world to express their opinions, exchange ideas, and come
to appreciate the diversity within the Usenet membership."

105. Can you give any more specific guidelines about posting?
    Follow normal netiquette.  Some special "hot buttons" for many of us
are any kind of sexist language; statements like "I'm straight, but..."
or "I think what you do is gross"; referring to people with AIDS as
"victims".
    The traffic is huge and many of us are supposed to be working, so
please think about using email rather than posting; or if you post a
follow-up, please edit ruthlessly to pare the quoted bits down to the
bare minimum -- but don't scramble the attributions.
    If you see something particularly outrageous and homophobic, the
advice many of us will give is "sit on your hands": i.e., ignore it.
The 'phobes typically leave soon UNLESS they have an audience.  If
you absolutely feel you must respond, and email isn't good enough,
please at least edit "soc.motss" out of the Newsgroups: line so the
rest of us don't have to see any repetition of it.

106. What will happen to me if I post in soc.motss?
    The answer is, in general, nothing.  (Lots of people of all orienta-
tions read and write to soc.motss, so strictly speaking you're not
coming out by posting.  Even so, some people will draw conclusions about
your sexual orientation from the fact that you post here.  You can post
anonymously by sending email to any of the addresses listed in the
biweekly soc.motss lexicon.
    However-- Assume that any posting in net news is in the public
domain and could end **anywhere**:  the general media, a police file, a
Fundie's hate list, an entrepeneur's sales contact list, etc.  If you
can't stand by your posting, then don't post.

107. Can I post anonymously to soc.motss?
    Don't underestimate the sense of liberty and self-esteem that may
come from posting an article under your own name.  Nevertheless, many
of us are sensitive to the difficulties this may pose for some people,
especially those of us whose first articles were posted by someone
else protecting our identity.  The following people have offered to
re-post submissions after removing any identifying headers, and forward
email responses back to you.

    Leonid V. Belyaev    [e-mail]
    Bradley Clymer        [e-mail]
    Laura Creighton        [e-mail]
    Steve Dyer        [e-mail]
    Andrew Gollan        [e-mail]
    Roger Klorese        [e-mail]
    Ciaran McHale        [e-mail]
    Neil Perret-Green    [e-mail]
    Daniel Sternbergh    [e-mail]
    Chris Thomas        [e-mail]
    Cindy Tittle Moore    [e-mail]

Please provide a valid name and email address so that this person can
get follow-up mail back to you.  These names and addresses will be
kept confidential.

108. My site has only read access to soc.motss.
    You can try sending email to [e-mail].  (Please
don't waste the resources if you can post directly.) I have verified
that the result is a (non-anonymous) post; however, some persons have
reported that mail to that address bounces.  [As of July 1992, this
service seems to be broken.]
    Or you may want to subscribe to a public access site. The semi-
official list of public access UNIX sites (nixpub) is available from
lgnp1 ([phone]) (login:guest) and is posted periodically in
the comp.misc newsgroup.

109. What will happen to me if I read soc.motss?
    In general, nothing.  (You may be informed or infuriated, of course;
but that's a standard Usenet hazard.) If you're extremely concerned, you
should be aware that most system software leaves your 'newsrc' file
unprotected by default.  There are system-dependent commands to protect
it, but none are airtight.  As in other areas of life, you have to
decide whether this is an acceptable risk for you.

110. What are those numbers and letters in some signatures?
    A string of letters and numbers beginning with a B and a number
are the "bear codes", which refer to the poster's build, furriness,
etc.  An article explaining the bear codes is available via FTP from
spdcc.com; the filename is "pub/NBCS.V1.9".  (Refer to question 331
for some information on FTP.)  Other cryptic letter/number
combinations appearing in signatures usually indicate one of the many
"codes" developed in response to the original bear code.  There's a
bears mailing list; see "mail.bears" below.

111. What are these "twinks", "smurfs", etc?
    Here's a quick lexicon of some of the "unusual" terms you'll see
on soc.motss.  Some of these are specific to the motss world, and others
aren't.

muffin:  A member of the soc.motss community who reads but has never
posted an article, or at least not under their own name.  Usually
used to refer to gay, lesbian, or bisexual persons.

biscuit:  Non-gay persons on soc.motss, sometimes used for non-posters
(analogous to muffin), but not always.

bears:  Persons, usually men, whose physical characteristics tend
toward the husky and hirsute.

twink, twinkie:  Generally, a cute young (male) thing (CYT).  Known as
"golden, cream-filled, and ready to be eaten."  (Etymology:  In the US,
Twinkies(tm) are snack cakes with these same properties.)

smurf:  Usually indicates an irreverent, silly, *cute* poster.  Some
soc.motss participants have formed a loose organization called the
"Smurf Gang".  Never take a Smurf Gang posting at face value.  (Etymology:
the cartoon characters.)

LGBO*:  Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual people, Others, and Anyone Still
Left Out.

112. What is motss.con?
    [From Bob Donahue:] In San Francisco during 1988, an informal
gathering for a few days took place to take advantage of the
opportunity for people to meet each other face-to-face ("you don't
look anything like your posts").  Everyone had so much fun, it was
repeated in 1989 in Boston, 1990 in Denver, 1991 in Toronto, and was
this year in Portland, Oregon, from July 23-27.
    Generally, the decision of when and where the con is held is made
up by competing groups of people in different locals vying for the
honor based on proposals submitted near the beginning of the year.
The group as a whole votes on the set of proposals, picking one.
Traditionally, there is one "official" motss.con per year, usually in
the early summer.  Several "mini-cons" are held every year worldwide,
and regional dinners, events, get-togethers, etc. are very common.


Crossposting and net usage
==========================

121. I saw something in another newsgroup that everyone in soc.motss
should read.
    No, you probably didn't.  It is generally bad manners to crosspost
or duplicate post something from another newsgroup to soc.motss just
because you think soc.motssers should read it.  It is _especially_ bad
manners to crosspost condemnations of homosexuality (see "What subjects
are legitimate", above); and the best thing to do with such posts is to
ignore them or, if you feel you must, to reply by email.  It _is_
acceptable to post a brief note on soc.motss only, saying "In newsgroup
a.b.c there's a thread called blah-blah.  Check it out if you're
interested."

122. What about crossposting from soc.motss to other groups?
    Again, there can't be a hard rule, but it's generally not a good
idea.  Say there was a TV show with some motss interest, and you feel
moved to post about it.  At first thought it might seem reasonable to
crosspost to soc.motss,rec.arts.tv.  But the two groups are separate
because they serve generally separate interests.  The thread could
develop in different directions, and it's not really a service to either
group to force its members to read stuff they're not interested in, or
edit their kill files yet again.

123. How do I add {person's name} to my kill file?
    This varies according to which newsreader you use.  Many of us are
on rn or trn, where the answer is "type Ctrl-K while in soc.motss,
then edit in the line /evilpersonsname/h:j substituting the actual
name between the slashes."  For other newsreaders, and for lots of
Usenet help in general, subscribe to the group news.newusers.questions.

124. How do I make my newsreader do <desired function>?
    Check the user's manual, if there is one.  Ask somebody at your site
who knows.  If all else fails, you can post a question in the group
news.newusers.questions.  Be sure to mention the operating system and
newsreader program you use, with version numbers if possible.
    Remember that it is good manners to read a group for a while before
you post.  Your question may be frequently asked, and you'll have the
answer without posting.

125. How do I find someone's email address?
    This is answered in weekly FAQ postings in news.newusers.questions.


Other resources
===============

131. Are there other motss-related newsgroups I'd be interested in?
    - ba.motss is a San Francisco Bay Area regional newsgroup.
    - ne.motss is a New England (northeastern US) regional newsgroup.
    (*) - pnw.motss is a newsgroup for the Pacific Northwest region of
      the US.
    - sci.med.aids for AIDS issues
    - soc.bi: for discussions of bisexuality
    - alt.politics.homosexuality and talk.politics.misc tend (IMHO) to a
      higher level of flamage about LGBO* issues.
    - clari.news.group.gays:  This is part of Clarinet, a commercial
      subscription service carried by some Usenet sites.  Carries UPI
      newswire stories relating to lesbian/gay issues.
    - alt.sex.bondage and rec.arts.bodyart carry topics of interest
      to some specific motss sub-communities.
Of course, We Are Everywhere (TM), so you will also see LGBO* viewpoints
in many newsgroups.
    If you're new to Usenet, or even if you're not, you may find lots of
interesting stuff in news.newusers.questions and news.announce.newusers.
The group news.answers is collecting FAQ lists from all newsgroups.

132. Are there mailing lists I can subscribe to?
Following is the list of those I've seen posted on soc.motss.  Please
send corrections or additions to me by email.  To subscribe, send a
message via email to the address prefixed by (s).  The (p) is the email
address for sending posts (if known).  It is good manners to subscribe
to a list and read it for a while before attempting to post.  Most of
these descriptions have been supplied by the list maintainers.
    - Act-up:  Silence=Death/Action=Life.  AIDS activism.
      (s)[e-mail]  (p)[e-mail]
    - bifem-l is a women-only list for bisexuals and friends.  (s) send
      mail to [e-mail] with the body "sub bifem-l
      your name".
    - bisexu-l.  (s) send mail to [e-mail] with the
      body "sub bisexu-l your name".  (p)[e-mail].
    - cdforum is a list for transvestites, transsexuals, transgenderists
      and supportive others.  (s)[e-mail]
      via Internet, or (s)uunet!samsung!wizvax!cdforum-request via UUCP.
    - DSA-LGB:  Mailing list for the members of the Lesbian/gay/bisexual
      Commission of the Democratic Socialists of America, and others
      with shared interests.  (s)[e-mail]
      (p)[e-mail]
    - eagles:  "a forum for Eagle Scouts who are queer to discuss how to
      pressure the BSA to change their homophobic policies; interested
      others also welcome." (s)[e-mail];
      (p)[e-mail]
    (*) - gaynet:  lesbigay concerns on campus; distributed in digest form.
      (s)[e-mail] (p)[e-mail].  [Note:
      Reported missing in action as of 12/92.  Updated information welcome!]
    - lisaben, for discussing lesbian issues (women and men):
      (s)[e-mail]  [Reported defunct Sep 92]
    - mail.bears is a moderated mailing list in digest format for gay
      and bisexual men who are bears themselves and for those who enjoy
      the company of bears.  (s)[e-mail], or
      (s){harvard,ima,bbn}!spdcc!bears-request
    - ne-social, a purely social mailing list for the northeast corridor
      of the US:  (s)[e-mail] or
      (s)castle-request!ne-social-motss (p)[e-mail] or
      (p)castle!ne-social-motss
    - oh-motss.  (s)[e-mail];
      (p)[e-mail]
    - Queer Nation.  (s)[e-mail]  (p)[e-mail]
    - sappho, for discussing lesbian issues (women only):
      (s)[e-mail]
    - Sexual-politics:  Discussions relating to sexual politics.
      (s)[e-mail]
      (p)[e-mail]
    - transgen:  transsexual, transgender, transvestite discussion and
      support.(s)[e-mail] (p)[e-mail]
      The message body should be of the form "sub transgen your-name" to
      subscribe.
    - uk-motss: (s)Internet:       [e-mail]
                (s)JANet:          [e-mail]
                                   uk-motss-request%uk.co.pyra@uknet
                (s)UUCP domain:    [e-mail]
                (s)UUCP route:     ...!uknet!pyrltd!uk-motss-request
      The information file for the list can be obtained by contacting
      uk-motss-request.
    - OUTIL (Out in Linguistics):  "For queer, lesbian, gay, bisexual,
      etc. linguists and their friends; the list serves primarily to
      allow out linguists to get in touch with one another and to
      provide a way of scheduling gatherings at conferences, although
      mail on any relevant topic is welcome.  Requests to
      [e-mail].
    - National Organization of Gay and Lesbian Scientists and
      Technical Professionals (noglstp):  Subscription requests to
      [e-mail].

Additionally, "[e-mail] keeps a pretty complete list
of queer-related mailing lists, and mails it to anyone who asks him."

133. Are there LGBO*-oriented bulletin board systems that I could
subscribe to directly?
    "skidillions" of them, according to a post to soc.motss.  Policies
vary regarding access and fees.  Some are networked via Fidonet or
Gaycom or other store-and-forward networks, and some are accessible via
Starlink or PC-Pursuit.  A good list of functioning BBS's (not necessarily
gay) in the US is available from the P.D.S.L.O. BBS ([phone]).
{Boardwatch Magazine}'s BBS ([phone]) carries information on
BBSes across the country.  Some other places to start (data numbers):
    - 28 Barbary Lane, Seattle WA: [phone]
    - The BackRoom (GayCom), Richmond Hill NY: [phone]
    - Bill 'n' Bob's, Cleveland OH: [phone]
    - Fog City (FIDO node 125/10), San Francisco CA: [phone]
    - GLIB, Arlington VA: [phone]
    - Long Island [NY] Lambda: [phone]
    - pdx-motss, Portland OR: [phone]

The Kinsey scale
================

201. What is the Kinsey scale?
    In the 1948 book {Sexual Behavior in the Human Male}, the Kinsey
researchers made the (then) startling assertion that homosexual behavior
was not restricted to identified homosexuals.  (The book was based on
an in-depth survey of thousands of men.) The authors said that it made
more sense to look at a person's behavior and psychological response as
being at some point on a spectrum or scale:
     0 = entirely heterosexual
     1 = largely heterosexual, but with incidental homosexual history
     2 = largely heterosexual, but with a distinct homosexual history
     3 = equally heterosexual and homosexual
     4 = largely homosexual, but with a distinct heterosexual history
     5 = largely homosexual, but with incidental heterosexual history
     6 = entirely homosexual
    (Someone posted excerpts from "Incidence, Frequency, and the Kinsey
0-6 Scale" by C A Tripp, from {The Encyclopedia of Homosexuality}.  This
answer and the next two are adapted from that posting.)

202. What is the origin of the "10% gay" figure?
    In the same book (see previous answer), Kinsey published survey
results that over the past three years 4% of the men were Kinsey 6's
(exclusively homosexual experiences) and 6% were Kinsey 5's (homosexual
with only incidental hetereosexual experience); 4% + 6% = 10%.  The
parallel statistic for women in the same studies is 3 to 8% (scale 4 to
6).  The works don't really match exactly in what they were measuring.
Like any sociological study, Kinsey's has been challenged on a number of
grounds.  More recent studies have generated statistics far above or
below these numbers (especially for women), but nothing more
authoritative has been published.

203. What else did Kinsey find?
    Well there are two whole books, but here are a few numerical
excerpts.  "[A]t least 37% of the male population has some homosexual
experience between the beginning of adolescence and old age....  This is
more than one male in three of the persons that one may meet as he
passes along a city street." In addition, 13% of males react erotically
to other males without having overt homosexual contacts after the onset
of adolescence.  (This 13 percent, coupled with the 37 percent who do
have overt homosexual experience, means that a full 50 percent of males
have at least some sexual response to other males after adolescence --
and conversely, that only the other 50 percent of the male population is
entirely heterosexual throughout life.)
    4% of males are exclusively homosexual throughout their lives after
the onset of adolescence.
    8% of males are exclusively homosexual (scale 6) for at least three
years between the ages of 16 and 55.
    13% of males have more homo than hetero experience (scale 4-6) for at
least three years between the ages of 16 and 55.
    18% percent of males have at least as much homo as hetero in their
histories (scale 3-6) for at least three years between ages 16 and 55.
    25% percent of the male population has more than incidental
homosexual experience or reactions (scale 2-6) for at least three years
between the ages of 16 and 55.
    On the other hand, these Kinsey findings are beside the point in a
way.  Even if the figure was 1%, or a fraction of a percent, discrimina-
tion would still be wrong.
    (By the way, equivalent figures are not available for women because
"equivalent female data often cannot be understood without extensive
additional explanation", according to Tripp's article.)


AIDS and HIV
============

211. Is HIV the same as AIDS?
    In a word, no.  HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the name of a
virus that is almost universally believed to be the cause of AIDS.  A
person may be "asymptomatic" (having no symptoms, feeling perfectly
well) for months or years while HIV positive.
    Technically, AIDS is not the name of a disease but rather of a
syndrome, a collection of symptoms indicative of an advanced stage of
HIV disease, in which case HIV has destroyed enough of the immune system
that opportunistic infections have been able to set in.  Oh yes-- a
person diagnosed with AIDS is not an "AIDS victim" but a "person with
AIDS" or "PWA".

212. (*) What is the "AIDS test"?
    The so-called AIDS test is actually a test for the presence or
absence of antibodies in the bloodstream.  These are created by the body
in response to the HIV infection.  There is no test at this time to
detect the presence of HIV directly.  A person who is infected will
still test negative in "HIV tests" (so-called "AIDS tests") for a period
of time.  To be "HIV positive" means that the antibodies have been found
in the blood.
    There are two tests currently in use: the ELISA for initial
screening, and the Western blot to confirm a positive ELISA.
    Tests sometimes produce "false negatives"; i.e., the person has the
HIV antibodies, but the test does not detect them.  For that reason (and
others), any claims that a person (especially a medical practitioner)
are "certified HIV-negative" should be viewed with skepticism.

213. Since my partner and I are both HIV negative, we don't have to
bother with safer sex, do we?
    Yes, you do.  First, a negative test does not _necessarily_ mean you
are not HIV infected (see previous Q).  Second, even if you are not now
infected one of you could become infected in the future.  Otherwise you
are betting your life on a possibly illusory belief in your safety.

214. Where can I get more information?
    If you have specific questions, your best bet is to subscribe to
sci.med.aids or contact your local AIDS service organization.


Biology of sexual orientation
=============================

221. What's all this about brain differences in gay men?
    A brief article in the 30 Aug 1991 issue of {Science} magazine
(published in U.S.) reported research by Dr Simon LeVay.  Levay
autopsied the brains of 41 persons:
    - homosexual men: 19 (including 1 bisexual) who had died of AIDS;
    - heterosexual men: 16, assumed to be heterosexual, including
        - 6 died of AIDS (including 2 who "denied homosexual activity"
          and 4 who had no sexual orientation recorded)
        - 10 died of other causes and had no sexual orientation recorded
    - women: 6, also assumed to be heterosexual.
    LeVay found that a tiny cell group called INAH 3, part of the
anterior hypothalamus, was more than twice as large in the presumed
heterosexual men (0.12 +/- 0.01 mm^3) as in either the homosexual men
(0.051 +/- 0.01) or the presumed heterosexual women (0.056 +/- 0.02).
(INAH = interstitial nuclei of the anterior hypothalmus.)  He found no
differences in INAH 1, 2, or 4.

222. Wasn't that an awfully small sample?
    Statistical analysis takes into account the sample size and the
differences between results for the two groups.
    The probability that this result reflects a true difference in the
general population was 99.9% as between homo and presumed hetero men,
99.1% as between presumed hetero men and presumed hetero women.  When
the 19 homosexual men were compared against only the presumed hetero men
who had died of AIDS, the same difference was found, with a probability
of 97.2% that this reflects a true difference in the general population.
    There was no statistically significant difference between the size
of INAH 3 between the homosexual men and the women, nor between the
presumed heterosexual men who died of AIDS and those who died of other
causes.

223. Weren't there some exceptions?
    The results were not uniform:  some presumed heterosexual men had
small INAH 3 nuclei, and some homosexual men had large nuclei.  LeVay
says this could mean that sexual orientation, though important, "may
not be the sole determinant of INAH 3 size" or that some subjects were
assigned to the wrong groups.
    Note that the statistical results in the preceding Q take these
exceptions into account.

224. What exactly does this study prove?
    LeVay (who is himself gay) said that the study shows that sexual
orientation in men "is amenable to study at the biological level".  It
does not show whether the size differences cause or result from differ-
ences in sexual orientation, or both are caused by some third factor as
yet unidentified.  The article did not mention genetic influences.


History and politics
====================

301. What's the origin of the pink triangle?
    In the 1930's and 1940's, the Nazis used various colored geometrical
figures to identify various classes of prisoners in concentration camps.
The pink triangle was used for homosexual men.  There was no badge
specifically for lesbians:  the Nazis used a black triangle for female
"sex offenders", which (to them) included lesbians, prostitutes, and
women who refused to bear children for the Reich.

302. Does the pink triangle point up or down?
    The Nazis made homosexuals wear the triangle with the point facing
down.  ACT-UP flipped the symbol and made it their own.  Both ways are
correct.

303. When is National Coming-Out Day (NCOD)?
    October 11, every year starting in 1988.  (This is U.S.-based, and
the date commemorates the march on Washington DC, October 11, 1987.)

304. When is the Pride March in <U.S. city name>?
    Typically these are in the last two weeks of June, but they vary
from city to city.  The timing commemorates our movement's "Boston Tea
Party":  On June 28, 1969, New York City police pulled yet another raid
on the Stonewall Inn, a bar in Sheridan Square.  This time, instead of
meekly submitting, the patrons (most of them stereotypically effem-
inate drag queens) fought back with pride, and the modern gay-rights
struggle sprang up in cities across the U.S.  and in other nations.
Here is an incomplete list of pride events scheduled for 1992:
    May 16-17    Long Beach, CA        [phone]
    May 23-24    Palm Springs, CA    [phone]
    May 31-June 7    Santa Cruz, CA        [phone]
    June 6        New Jersey        [phone]
    June 13-14    San Jose, CA        [phone]
    June 13        Boston, MA
    June 14        Fresno, CA        [phone]
    June 20        Sacramento, CA        [phone]
    June 20        Bangor, ME
    June 27        London, England (Europride)
    June 27-28    West Hollywood (LA), CA    [phone]
    June 27-28    New York, NY
    June 28        San Francisco, CA    [phone]
    June 28        Seattle, WA
    June 28        S. Florida (Ft. Laud.)    (800) 771-GAYS
    July 12        Redondo Beach, CA    [phone]
    July 18-19    San Diego, CA        (619) 29-PROUD
    August 15-16    Orange County, CA    [phone]
        September 20    Dallas, TX              [phone]
    October 3-4    San Fernando, CA    [phone]

305. Who was Harvey Milk?
    In 1977, Harvey Milk was elected supervisor of San Francisco (equiv-
alent to city councilor and county councilor since San Francisco is a
combined city/county government).  He appealed to a coalition of gay men
and lesbians, non-gay working people, and the elderly.  In November
1978, Milk and Mayor George Moscone were shot to death in City Hall by
former Supervisor Dan White.  In the trial, White's lawyer pleaded the
"twinkie defense":  White should not be held responsible for
premeditated murder because he was strung out on sugar from eating
Hostess Twinkies.  The jury apparently agreed, and convicted him of a
lesser crime.  For murdering two human beings, White was sentenced to
seven years in Jail.  The gay and lesbian community erupted in several
nights of riots.  White was later paroled, and committed suicide.
A good book on Milk's career is {The Mayor of Castro Street} by
Randy Shilts; a good movie is {The Times of Harvey Milk}.  {The Mayor
of Castro Street} is being developed as a film to be directed by Gus
Van Sant.  Representatives from the GLBO* community have been meeting
with the film's producers to discuss issues related to the film.
Filming should begin in early 1993 in San Francisco.  "At this writing,
no concrete decisions have been made as to who will play Harvey Milk,
through Robin Williams is a likely candidate." [SF Sentinel, 23-Jul-1992]


306. Was he the first openly gay or lesbian elected official in U.S.?
    No.  In 1974, Elaine Noble was elected to the Massachusetts
legislature.  She served a few terms and then decided to pursue
interests outside of elective politics.  In 1991 she ran an unsuccessful
campaign to gain a seat on the Cambridge MA city council.  [This chronology
is currently under some debate.]


Language
========

321. Does "gay" imply "male"?
    You'll get different answers from different people.  In general it
is safe to assume that a significant number of persons who identify as
lesbians or bisexuals will feel excluded by the term "gay".

322. What's the right term to include everyone?
    There is no one right answer.  A growing number of people use
"queer", but some others are uncomfortable with that.  You will also see
references to "LGBO*", lesbian-gay-bisexual-other.  "motsseurs" or
"motssers" or even "motsketeers" is often used, but that includes
persons of any sexual orientation who read this newsgroup.  In general,
it's usually safe to use whatever term an author has self-identified
with.

323. Is "gay" a noun or an adjective?
    Some persons, even some gay men, are offended by the use of "gay" as
a noun in sentences like "Bar the door, Martha, the gays are coming."

324. When the grammar books tell me to say "he", "him", "his" in
referring to a person of unspecified gender, what should I do?
    There's no one right answer.  You can use "they", "them", and
"their"; or you can use "she", "her", and "her"; or you can use
combinations like "s/he", "him/her", "his/her"; or you can make up
pronouns like "sie" or "cos".  Any of these will offend someone.

325.  Is it "sexual orientation" or "sexual preference"?
    Although both terms have been widely used, "sexual orientation" is
emerging as the preferred term for most.  This is because "sexual
preference" implies sexuality is a *chosen* trait, and this implication
(which most believe to be false) sometimes causes problems when persons
try to gain equal rights based on "preference" instead of "orientation".



Pictures (from a post by Steve Dyer)
======== (with additions by others)

331. How do I get motss pictures via FTP?
    The soc.motss picture archive contains digitized images in GIF form.
GIF is a popular format for the distribution of color and gray scale
images of up to 8 bits in depth.
    To obtain photos of motsseurs over the Internet, do the following:

% ftp ursa-major.spdcc.com     -OR-     ftp 140.186.80.3
Connected to ursa-major.spdcc.com.
220 ursa-major.spdcc.com FTP server
(Version 4.172 Sun Dec 4 17:20:50 EST 1988) ready.
Name (your.hostand.domain:yourname): anonymous
331 Guest login ok, send ident as password.
Password:
230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.
ftp> cd /pub/motss.pix
250 CWD command successful.
ftp> dir
[long directory listing of all GIF photos follows]
ftp> bin(this is ESSENTIAL)
200 Type set to I.
ftp> get kurisuto.gif
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for kurisuto.gif (97477 bytes).
226 Transfer complete.
local: kurisuto.gif remote: kurisuto.gif
97477 bytes received in 1.1 seconds (84 Kbytes/s)
ftp> get another.gif
200 PORT command successful.
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for another.gif (65535 bytes).
226 Transfer complete.
local: another.gif remote: another.gif
65535 bytes received in 1.0 seconds (66 Kbytes/s)
ftp> bye
221 Goodbye.

The archive is also found on a West Coast machine, gatekeeper.dec.com,
under the directory /pub/graphics/data/soc.motss.  I have no information
about obtaining any of these files by means other than through the
Internet (i.e., BITNET or UUCP-only sites need to find a friendly
Internet neighbor.)

332. Can I get pictures by email?
    Not directly from the owner of the archives.  You may have access to
an "FTP-via-email" facility; check with your local administrators if
you're curious.  (We can't tell from here what's available to you, so
please don't ask.)
    Digital Equipment Corporation runs an ftp-by-email service that
is available to all.  It can be used by any person who can send and
receive Internet mail.  Send to "[e-mail]" including a line
saying "help", and you will be sent an automated reply explaining how
to use the service.

333. Where do I find GIF viewers?
    - Sun and X11 programs can be found on ursa-major.spdcc.com under
      the directory /pub/progs.
    - For Silicon Graphics workstations, a program called 'pxdraw' (part
      of a suite of programs 'pxtools') is available via anonymous ftp
      from gauguin.princeton.edu.  This and the other programs all read
      a variety of formats, and allow conversion to grayscale and among
      the different formats, including postscript so you can print it
      out if you've got the PS printer.
    - MS-DOS: get CSHOW.EXE from the wustl archive via FTP, or see these
      files in PD:<MSDOS.GIF> on SIMTEL:
        FASTGIF.ARC 37K  880306  View GIF format files. EGA/VGA only
        GDS109.ZIP 138K  910521  Displ GIFs with unlimited zoom, SVGA/VGA
    - Macintosh GIF viewers are available from sumex-aim.stanford.edu in
      /info-mac/apps and called Giffer 1.1.2 and GIFConverter 2.2.9.
Also check the FAQ in comp.graphics for a complete list.


Miscellaneous
=============

341. Where can I buy stuff by mail order?
    Most local and national LGBO*-oriented magazines have advertisements
that will lead you to merchandise you want to buy.  Because this _is_ a
frequently asked question, I'm listing a few sources that have been
posted or advertised, or that I know of personally.  I have shopped at
both Cleveland stores but in person not by mail order; I have no
financial interest in any of the listings that follow.
    - Queer Nation Boston sells QN stickers by mail.  Send email with
      your U.S. mail address to "[e-mail]" and they will
      send you their information packet.  Sorry, I don't know their
      policy for non-U.S. mailings.
    - Don't Panic, 8721 Santa Monica Blvd #13, Los Angeles CA 90069, USA
      sells buttons and T-shirts (800 457 2642 in the US).  Source:
      advertisement in Oct 22 {Advocate}; I have no personal knowledge
      of this place.
    - Many LGBO* booksellers do a large business by mail.  One such is
      Lambda Rising, [phone] in U.S. and Canada, [phone]
      from other countries.  (I called 14 Oct 1991 to verify they will
      fill orders from outside the U.S.)  Disclaimer: I have not actually
      needed to make a purchase from Lambda Rising in some years.
    - Gifts of Athena, 2199 Lee Rd, Cleveland OH 44118, USA, lesbian
      owned and operated, sells rainbow flags, women's music, mehn's
      music, T-shirts, and jewelry.  Phone: [phone] (Mon, Wed,
      Thur, Fri 10-8; Sat 10-6; Sun 12-5).  They will ship to US and
      Canada on Visa and MC but you'll need to tell them about Canadian
      customs regulations that may apply.
    - Body Language, 3291 West 115 St, Cleveland OH 44111, USA sells
      books, magazines, videotapes, and novelties/toys.  Phone: +1 216
      251 3330 (Mon-Sat 12-9 pm, Sun 12-5 pm Eastern), or email the
      owner at [e-mail].  He will ship out of the US
      "as long as I'm not stuck with a lot of administrivia."
    - "You may want to list Oxford Bookstore as someone who will ship
      gay/lesbian books, and they have an extensive gay/lesbian
      magazine selection (though they will not ship "adult" magazines)."
      [phone].
    - A thread in summer 1991 asked about finding jewelry items.  Some
      posters suggested dealing directly with a goldsmith to have things
      custom made.
    - "Shocking Gray", 1216 East Euclid, San Antonio TX 78212, (800)
      788-4729.  SG produce an upscale, "Sharper Image"-style catalog
      specifically targeted at the gay and lesbian market.

342. I'm/we're going to Europe and want to know which hotels and
restaurants are gay-friendly.
    Long before you leave, pick up a copy of {Are You Two...Together?}
(1991, Random, ISBN 0-394-58454-6).  In it, co-authors Lindsy van Gelder
and Pamela Brandt travel through the U.K., Belgium, the Netherlands, France,
Spain, Germany, Italy, and Greece.  They give you lots of historical
background on attractions of interest, especially those with a gay or
lesbian connection.  They also list hotels, bed & breakfasts, and
restaurants that welcome gay and lesbian couples.  They also mention LGB
organizations and a few bars.
    There are other bar guides, but this is the best _travel book_ with
an LGBO* slant that I've seen.  It's fun to read even if you're not going
to Europe.

343. Who is Orson Scott Card?
    A science fiction writer of books including {Ender's Game}, Card
has been the subject of frequent flamefests on rec.arts.sf-lovers and
the object of demonstrations by Queer Nation.  Card is a Mormon, and
has expressed some strongly negative views of homosexuality.  If you
want to explore his views, please post a request for people to email
you.  Those of us who have been around for a while would rather not go
over the same ground again.
    Mr. Card has issued warnings that unauthorized reproductions of
his work -- including electronic postings and transmissions of them --
will be dealt with harshly.  This *includes* his Mormon writings on
homosexuality, which he claims were written specifically for a Mormon
audience and must be read in their original context in order to be
meaningful.  If you're searching for electronic versions of these
articles, consider yourself warned.

344. I saw an 800 number that is maintained by <homophobic group>.
Should I post it so everyone can call and tie up the line?
    You may or may not want to post it as a matter of information.
    However, you should be aware that owners of 800 numbers get a log
that shows the time, duration, and calling number for every call.  This
is true even if caller ID is not available in your area.  You should
also be aware that your home phone service can be cut off if you make
repeated harassing calls from your home phone.

345. What is GLAAD?
    The Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation is at 80 Varick St,
suite 3E, New York NY 10013 U.S.A.; [phone] (voice).  GLAAD
publishes the GLAAD bulletin, and wants reports of defamation.

346. What is NAMBLA?
    The North American Man-Boy Love Association "support[s] men and boys
in consensual relationships with one another and help[s] educate society
about the nature of such relationships," according to a posting by one
of its members.  For info:  NAMBLA Info, Dept RR, P.O.Box 174, Midtown
Station, NYC NY 10018, or email [e-mail].  Discussion of NAMBLA's
goals via postings to soc.motss and in the LGBO* community often stirs
sharp controversy.

347. (*) What gay/lesbian organizations exist for persons in the
high-technology industries?
    - High Tech Gays (HTG) is a group based in San Jose, California,
which has many social activities for its local members (although HTG's
members hail from across the USA).  HTG has been active in opposing
the U.S. government's reluctance to give security clearances to
lesbians and gays, and in other local and regional gay-rights issues.
    HTG can be reached at P.O. Box 6777, San Jose, California 95150.
Their voicemail is at [phone], and they can be reached via BBS
at [phone].
    - The National Organization of Gay/Lesbian Scientists and Technical
Professionals (NOGLSTP) is a non-profit corporation, and can be
reached at PO Box 91803, Pasadena, CA 91109-9813.  Their phone number
is [phone], and they can be reached via Internet at
[e-mail].

348. What is "After the Ball"?
    ATB is a book, written in 1989 by Hunter Madsden and Marshall
Kirk, that offered strategies for gay culture to be accepted by, and
incorporated into, mainstream American culture, and offered a "code of
conduct" for members of the gay community.  Because of the authors'
ideas and the way in which they were presented, ATB became the subject
of much controversy in soc.motss and other forums.  Chances are that,
pro or con, your "compelling statement" about ATB has probably been
made here before, and all it will do is to stir up the same arguments
one more time.

Civil Rights and the Law
========================

401. Which governments have laws against discrimination on the basis
of sexual orientation ("a/d laws")?
    - Australia: no national a/d law.  New South Wales has one.
    - Canada:  At the provincial level, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec,
      New Brunswick, British Columbia, and Nova Scotia, have a/d laws,
      as does the Yukon.  There is no Federal a/d law; recent court
      decisions and appeals have somewhat confused the question of
      whether or not sexual orientation is already covered by Federal law.
    - Denmark:  A/d laws for service to customers include sexual
      orientation.  (My correspondent believed that a/d laws prohibited
      discrimination in employment and housing, but could not track them
      down.) The criminal code also prohibits public statements that
      promote hatred against recognized groups including sexual
      minorities; but the in only case to date--antigay letter to a
      newspaper--the defendant was acquitted.  Registered partnership is
      available to persons of the same gender if one or both are Danish
      citizens resident in Denmark, and is done by mayors but not
      priests.  Registered partnership (unlike marriage) does not give
      the right to adopt children.
    - Italy: The age of consent is 16; however, if neither partner is
      18 or over, the age of consent is 14.
    - New Zealand:  There are no a/d laws in our human rights bill but
      we're still lobbying for them.  However, many employers and
      government departments include non-discrimination in their equal
      oportunities statements.
    (*) - U.S.A.:  nothing at the Federal level, except a/d rules in the
      Federal civil service.  (The military does discharge lesbians and
      gays.) The states of Wisconsin, Massachusetts, Hawaii, New
      Jersey, Vermont, California, and Connecticut have comprehensive a/d
      laws.  Many U.S. cities and counties do also, and some governors have
      issued executive orders that affect employees of their state
      governments.  The NGLTF (National Gay and Lesbian Task Force) in
      Washington DC maintains a list.  Colorado has a consitutional
      provision *prohibiting* anti-discrimination ordinances (see #405).

402. What about discrimination by private employers?
    Many employers and unions in a number of countries have also
established non-discrimination policies.  A separate list, covering
North American organizations, is posted approximately once every
month.  Persons wishing an email copy of the list may contact the
list maintainer, Larry Stratton ([e-mail]).

403. Where is same-gender sex legal?
    - Australia: in every state except Tasmania.
    - Canada:  A person 18 or older may consent to sex with anyone else.
      A person 14 or older may consent to sex with a person not in a
      position of authority over them, not for money, and not if it is
      anal sex.  A person 12 or older may consent to sex with a person
      not in a position of authority over them, not more than two years
      older than them, and not if it is anal sex.  Anal sex is illegal
      unless the two immediate participants are both over 18 or married
      to each other.  A court recently struck down the exception in the
      above law regarding anal sex.  This would make anal sex legal under
      the same conditions as sex in general.  This may be appealed by the
      Federal government.
    - Denmark: The age of consent is uniformly 15.
    - Ireland: Male-male sex (not female-female) is punishable by
      imprisonment.  The European Court of Human Rights ruled in 1988
      that Irish law contravenes the European Convention for the
      Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.  In 1990 the
      Irish Minister for Justice announced that a bill to reform Irish
      law in line with the ECHR decision would be presented to the
      Oireachteas (Irish parliament) in 1991; but this has not been done
      as of 23 January 1992 (the latest information I have).
    - New Zealand: gay sex is legal for consenting males and females 16
      and over.
    - U.K.: legal in private for males over 21 who are not in the armed
      forces. Legal in private for females over 16, because British law
      does not recognise the existence of lesbianism.  Homosexual activity
      of any kind is prohibited in the British armed forces.  The Special
      Investigation Branch of the MPs have draconian powers to search
      through private possessions, letters, etc.  Thus, they often follow
      "chains" of gay and lesbian people through the forces.  The Ministry
      of Defence has recently decided that homosexual acts in the armed
      forces will no longer be considered criminal offences and subject
      to courts-martial.  Homosexuality, though, remains "incompatible with
      military life", and those discovered to be homosexual are subject
      to discharge.
    - U.S.A:  this varies at the state level.  Roughly half the states
      have reformed their laws (by legislative or judicial action) to
      remove restrictions on sexual activity between consenting adults
      in private.  The D.C. council passed a reform law but it was
      overridden by Congress.

404. Didn't the U.S. Supreme Court say sodomy was a crime even in private?
    Not exactly.  By a 5-4 decision in the 1986 case of {Bowers v
Hardwick}, the Court ruled that a state could pass a law criminalizing
homosexual behavior even in private because the Constitutional right to
privacy did not extend to sexual relations between members of the same
sex.  An analysis of why this was a bad decision (not just for us, but
for the U.S. Constitution) may be found in Laurence Tribe, {On Reading
the Constitution}.

405. (+) What is Amendment 2?
    In the November 1992 election in the US state of Colorado, voters
approved by a 53-47 percent margin the following amendment to the
state's constitution:
                             ------

Be it Enacted by the People of the State of Colorado:

Article 2, of the Colorado Constitution is amended by the
addition of Section 30, which shall state as follows:

NO PROTECTION STATUS BASED ON HOMOSEXUAL, LESBIAN, OR
BISEXUAL ORIENTATION.

Neither the State of Colorado, through any of its branches
or departments, nor any of its agencies, political
subdivisions, municipalities or school districts, shall
enact, adopt or enforce any statute, regulation, ordinance
or policy whereby homosexual, lesbian or bisexual
orientation, conduct, practices or relationships shall
constitute or otherwise be the basis of, or entitle any
person or class of persons to have or claim any minority
status, quota preferences, protected status or claim of
discrimination.  This Section of the Constitution shall be in
all respects self-executing.

                             ------
Several groups are working to repeal Amendment 2.  Here is a partial
list:

    EPOC (Equal Protection Campaign)
    PO Box 300476
    Denver, Colorado 80203
    [phone] office
    [phone] fax

    Lambda Legal Defense Fund / Colorado Initiative
    CLIP (Colorado Legal Initiative Project)
    PO Box 44447
    Denver, Colorado 80201

    Gay & Lesbian Community Center of Colorado (GLCCC)
    PO Drawer E
    Denver, Colorado 80218
    [phone]
    [phone]

    Boycott Colorado
    PO Box 300158
    Denver, Colorado 80203-0158

The newsgroups co.politics.amend2.{info,discuss} may be available
at your site.


Acknowledgements:  (If you've made a contribution and wish to be
acknowledged, let me know.)
    FAQ list originally by Stan Brown
    Lexicon originally by D. Daniel Sternbergh

soc.motss remembers these contributors, now deceased:
    Rob Bernardo <[e-mail]>
    Seth Miller <[e-mail]>
    Doug Mosher <[e-mail]>
    Randi Pollard <sport![e-mail]>
    Robert Scott <ozdaltx![e-mail]>
    Tom Shearer

Corrections and suggestions:  please email to [e-mail]

I'm especially looking for more complete information for the many lists
that appear in these postings.  I acknowledge all email about the FAQ
list, so if you don't get a reply it means I didn't receive your message
or that my reply to you bounced.  (I do read soc.motss regularly but,
owing to the volume, I may miss posted material.)  There may be a delay
of days in acknowledging your message; I have *real* work to do as well!
--
Chris Thomas                                                [phone]
S4/7 b g+ l y+ z+ n+ o+ x-/+ a++ u v-/+ j++                [e-mail]